Why does iran have such a serious brain drain problem. Factors affecting the brain drain from iran roghayeh panahi maragheh peyame noor university, state east azarbayjan, the first way of hashtroode, after majles squarezippost code 156 abstract this research has been conducted at the micro level and the data. According to the report, each year between 150 to 180 thousand educated iranians leave their country to continue their education abroad. The iraqi brain drain as hundreds of iraqi doctors, professors and teachers are being murdered in what some see as a deliberate campaign, jonathan steele meets the ones who managed to. Abstract brain drain is the cynosure of all the eyes due to high outflow of qualified and skilled workers from pakistan. In some states, the situation will draw a tear from eyes that understand the situation. This article estimates the extent of migration, by level of education, from developing countries to the united states and other oecd countries. Abstract according to oxford advanced learners dictionary brain drain is the movement of highly skilled and qualified people to a country where they can work in better conditions and earn more money. Written by staff writer on 25 august 2014 ncri iran under the rule of clerical dictatorship ranks first in brain drain in the world with nearly 25% of educated iranians are currently living in developed countries, according to. During the sovietera and after the collapse of the soviet union in the early 1990s, brain drain occurred when top professionals moved to the west or to socialist states to work in economics or science. Pdf brain drain from iran yavjav ghahreman academia. This article examines and compares the discursive representation of irans brain drain in the political discourse of iranian authorities during the time of mohammad. Political instability is another major contributing factor to brain drain problems. Migration flows an investigation factors and reasons behind the brain drain from iran.
This study considers two models of migration and brain drain from. The brain drain from developing countries has been lamented for many years, but knowledge of the empirical magnitude of the phenomenon is scant owing to the lack of systematic data sources. The purpose of this paper is to focus on brain drain, or emigration of educated and skilled individuals to the usa from one southwest asian nation, iran, which has experienced fundamental social changes since the early 1970s. A 2009 report by the international monetary fund imf ranked iran first in brain drain among ninetyone developed or developing countries. Brain drain can result from several factors including political turmoil or the existence of more. In this article, the underlying forces and the extent of brain drain from iran to the united states are studied.
Since i technically qualify as a drained brain, i will give you an anecdotal account, accompanied with some more broad set of reasons why people like me leave and continue leaving. Human capital flight refers to the emigration or immigration of individuals who have received advanced training at home. Simulation analysis of brain drain in iran using system dynamics. But before we get there, there is an excellent infographic on t.
The brain drain phenomenon in recent years has been one of the most important and. Ncri iran is ranked number one in brain drain among 91 developing and nondeveloped countries, according to a report by the imf. An investigation of brain drain from iran to oecd countries based. United nations economic commission for africa eca african governments have a great responsibility to ensure that brains remain in the continent. In other words, the bretton woods policies of economic survival adopted by the nigerian military government in power in the early 80s are culpable for the braindrain conundrum. Carrington and enrica detragiache how extensive is the brain drain, and which countries and regions are most strongly affected by it. Causes and solutions to intellectual brain drain in pakistan nadia sajjad. An analysis of the cause and effect of the brain drain in.
The brain drain is measured by the migration rates of iranian nationals to the us with tertiary education, including physicians and professors. Iran and egypt both have significant political instability in 20, with the former ranking in 1st place for its ability to retain talent in the gci 20, and the latter at 3rd place. The economic impacts of brain drain in iran abdollah mahoodi. By the time of the 2003 invasion, estimates of iraqi exiles ranged from two to four million people. Iran facing dangerous brain drain an increasing number of young iranian professionals are emigrating in search of work, despite the obstacles. Asian countries although iran and taiwan are notable exceptions. Very high inflation rate, the economy is a mess, and the recent sanctions dont make it better there is a constant threat or actual. The net benefits of human capital flight for the receiving country are sometimes referred to as a brain gain whereas the net costs for the sending country are sometimes referred to as a brain drain. Brain drain definition is the departure of educated or professional people from one country, economic sector, or field for another usually for better pay or living conditions. Brain drain or human capital flight is a large emigration of individuals with technical skills or knowledge, normally due to conflict, lack of opportunity, political instability, or health risks. The fact that iranians talk about brain drain as if it was a uniquely huge iranian problem suggests that brain drain is a proxy for their anxieties about the state of the country, rather than actual empirical evaluation of the countrys migration. Iran is wealthy, but has a serious case of dutch disease.
This was truly the beginning of the demise of the middle class. For years, irans academic elite has headed for the exits. This paper presents estimates of emigration rates from 61 developing countries to oecd countries for three educational categories constructed using 1990 u. International journal of business and social science vol. An investigation of brain drain from iran to oecd countries based on gravity model. However, better standards of living and quality of life, higher salaries, access to advanced technology and more stable political conditions in the developed countries attract talent from less developed areas. The economic impacts of brain drain in iran abdollah. Pdf the brain drain from iran to the united states researchgate. The brain drain in iraq after the 2003 invasion writing. Womens higher education and the brain drain in iran. These days, there is a far more significant sucking sound, one that concerns. Brain drain is a slang term indicating substantial emigration or migration of individuals.
Causes and solutions to intellectual brain drain in. Iran has the highest rate of brain drain in the world. According to the international monetary fund imf, iran has the worlds highest rate of brain drain. Mohammad reza iravani assistant professor department of social work, islamic azad university khomeinishahr branch, daneshjou blvd, iran. In fact, brain drain is a kind of outflow of human capital by means of. International migration, remittances, and the brain drain isbn. Brain drain is usually regarded as an economic cost, since emigrants usually take with them the fraction of value of their training sponsored by the government. The advantages of brain drain are usually advantages of an individual. Brain drain helps the individual more than the society.
The effects of this human phenomenon on the economy of these countries can be unpleasant and slow economic growth. Morocco slightly over 1m, algeria, iran both around 500 thousand, egypt. Brain drain is a major global concern due to its impact on a nations development. The impact of the brain drain on a source countrys welfare and development can be. The aim of this paper is to highlight causes and solutions to intellectual brain drain in pakistan. What are the advantages and disadvantages of brain drain. Reassessing the impacts of brain drain on developing countries. Brain drain in africa facts and figures the emigration of african professionals to the west is one of the greatest obstacles to africas development. It is a terrible indictment of irans economic planning that it is educating millions of its youth, but cannot offer them a future worth staying for.
The brain drain from iran to the united states akbar e. Without skilled manpower, a country or a region cannot achieve sustainable. The author examines the profile of the educated iranian emigrants particularly in the last two decades, internal and external socio. For this reason sirdc was commissioned to undertake this study with the objective of establishing what the causes of the brain drain are and identify the measures required to reduce or stop, or even reverse the brain drain problem in zimbabwe. Sham middle tennessee state university the start of the new century marked a point in irans history that put the country at a cusp, a watershed moment that decided its future direction. Whatever the statistics are, there is no doubt that iraq under saddam had suffered an enormous brain drain, with many exiles settling in arab countries and the west. The brain drain is measured by the migration rates of iranian nationals to the us. Brain drain definition of brain drain by merriamwebster. Factors affecting the brain drain from iran semantic scholar. But some foreigntrained youth are returning, hoping president rouhani can. The analysis starts with a simple decomposition of the brain drain in two. The effects of brain drain in nigerias health sector are devastating.
Every year, more than 150,000 highly educated iranians leave their country. Iran has tried to compensate for the brain drain by introducing the graduate record bill, which calls for internalization and expansion of education at the graduate level, thus increasing the number of graduates. The net benefits of human capital flight for the receiving country are sometimes referred to as a brain gain whereas the net costs for the sending country are. Thats the conclusion of the international monetary fund, which recently surveyed some 61 countries. The brain drain from developing countries iza world of labor. In the past two decades, educated and highly skilled individuals have comprised a sizable portion of international migration, known colloquially as brain drain, mostly from developing nations to developed countries. Coping with the worlds highest rate of brain drain by golnaz esfandiari. The economic impacts of brain drain in iran abdollah mahoodi abstract for decades, less developed and developing countries are facing brain drain phenomena. Javier ghahreman migration flows an investigation factors and reasons behind the brain drain from iran introduction since the creation of societies, the issue. Determining the driving factors of migration and brain drain helps iranian policy makers to prevent migration and brain drain. Womens higher education and the brain drain in iran william k. In russia, brain drain has been an issue since soviet times. Brain drain is the migration of skilled human resources for trade, education, etc. Bbc news middle east huge cost of iranian brain drain.
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